From an Information Retrieval perspective, queries are typically classified in several key ways:
## By Search Intent (Most Common)
- **Informational** - Seeking knowledge/facts ("what is machine learning")
- **Navigational** - Finding a specific site/page ("Facebook login")
- **Transactional** - Wanting to complete an action ("buy running shoes")
- **Commercial Investigation** - Research before purchasing ("best laptops 2025")
Search intents shift as users travel [[customer-life-cycle]]
## By Query Length
- **Head queries** - 1-2 words, high frequency ("weather", "news")
- **Torso queries** - 3-5 words, medium frequency ("best pizza NYC")
- **Long-tail queries** - 6+ words, low frequency but high specificity
## By Information Need Complexity
- **Lookup/Factual** - Simple fact retrieval ("capital of France")
- **Interpretive** - Requiring analysis ("why did the market crash")
- **Exploratory** - Open-ended discovery ("trends in renewable energy")
- **Comparative** - Evaluating options ("iPhone vs Samsung")
## By Specificity
- **Broad/Ambiguous** - Multiple possible interpretations ("apple")
- **Specific/Targeted** - Clear, narrow intent ("iPhone 15 Pro Max price")
## By Structure
- **Keyword-based** - Traditional search terms
- **Natural language** - Conversational queries ("How do I fix my wifi?")
- **Boolean** - Using operators (AND, OR, NOT)
**For AI/generative search context**: The distinction between **lookup vs. interpretive queries** is particularly relevant, as AI systems excel at interpretive queries where traditional search struggled, while simple lookup queries may not need the complexity of generative responses.