## Refactoring Techniques  Refactoring is a technique used to improve the structure, efficiency, and readability of an existing code base while maintaining its functionality. Here are some common refactoring techniques: 1. **Red-Green-Refactor:** This technique is part of Test-Driven Development (TDD). In the "Red" phase, you write a test that fails (because the feature it tests doesn't exist yet). In the "Green" phase, you write just enough code to make the test pass. In the "Refactor" phase, you look at the new code (and related code) and clean it up, removing any duplication and improving readability. 2. **Compose Method:** This technique involves breaking down a method into several smaller, more manageable sub-methods. This makes the code easier to understand and modify. 3. **Extract Method:** This technique is used when you have a code fragment that can be grouped together. You move this code to a new method and replace the old code with a call to the new method. 4. **Inline Method:** The opposite of the Extract Method technique. If a method's body is as clear as its name, you replace calls to the method with the method's content and delete the method itself. 5. **Rename Method:** This technique is used when the name of a method does not reveal its purpose. By renaming the method, you improve the readability of the code. 6. **Move Method:** This technique involves moving a method to a class that uses its functionality more than the class where the method currently is. 7. **Replace Temp with Query:** You replace a temporary variable with a method call, which can clarify the code's purpose. 8. **Replace Conditional with Polymorphism:** Instead of a conditional that selects the appropriate behavior, you move the conditional logic to subclasses. 9. **Encapsulate Field:** This technique is used to ensure that fields (class data members) are accessed through getters and setters rather than directly. https://refactoring.guru/ These techniques can help improve the design of existing code, making it easier to work with and reducing the risk of introducing bugs when making changes. They are usually applied as a series of small transformations, each of which keeps the system working and tests passing.